Areas of investment
We separate the size of the market into four key investment areas, also known as our ‘market systems’ – social and affordable housing, social lending, impact venture and social outcomes contracts.
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Social and affordable housing
Social and affordable housing funds account for 54% of the overall 2024 market size.
How has the market changed?
Outstanding investment in social and affordable housing has increased by 18% this year to £6bn. Deal flow has increased from £861m in 2023 to £1090m in 2024 (an increase of about 27%), and a reversal of the drop seen from 2022 to 2023.
What does the data show?
The increase in overall market size corresponds with increased Pension Fund investment activity in social and affordable housing, particularly the Local Government Pension Schemes (LGPS) who are seeking resilient returns alongside tangible impact.
The most significant contributor to this is M&G who have reported an increase in valuation of £336m.
Investments from our portfolio
- Savills IM Simply Affordable Homes Fund aims to increase availability of affordable homes in the UK.
- Octopus Affordable Housing Fund accelerates the delivery of new, affordable and energy efficient homes for low-income households.
- Social and Sustainable Housing LP provides finance for social enterprises and charities with a track record of both delivering support and managing property. The Fund aims to generate positive social outcomes by providing support services to vulnerable people such as those fleeing domestic abuse, children leaving care or ex-offenders.
Case study
Savills IM Simply Affordable Homes Fund
Fund aiming to increase the availability of affordable homes in the UK.
Social lending
Social lending accounts for 39% of the overall 2024 market, down from 41% in 2023.
How has the market changed?
Outstanding investment in social lending has increased by 6% since 2023 to ~£4.4 billion in 2023 (£4.1 bn in 2022).
What does the data show?
Deal flow is slightly down from £956m to £922m (a drop of about 4%); this is primarily due to a large drop in deal flow in bonds from £256m in 2023 to £35m in 2024, which is itself mostly due to a drop-off in deal flow reported by Allia; banks see an increase in deal flow from £502 to £690m and non-banks have a small increase from £178m to £196m.
Outstanding investment across all 3 areas of social lending have increased since 2023:
- Bank Lending refers to loans made to charities and social enterprises by dedicated social banks – this area has shown an increase of 8% in size from £2.7bn to £2.9bn in 2024.
- Non-bank lending refers to debt finance taken on by charities and social enterprises to provide working capital and growth finance. This asset class also includes investments made into community shares and crowdfunding platforms – this area has shown an increase of 3% from £680m to £xxxm in 2024.
- Charity Bonds refer to tradable loans that offer large scale unsecured finance with fewer restrictions than bank finance – this area has shown an increase of 4% from £719m to £xxm in 2024.
Investment from our portfolio
- Community Investment Enterprise Fund provides debt finance to CDFIs with the capital they need to meet the demands of small businesses.
- CORE – Community owned renewable energy puts renewable energy into community hands to help make places better for people, whilst accelerating the transition to net zero.
- Energy Resilience Fund is aimed at supporting community and social enterprises to reduce energy usage, stabilise energy costs and contribute to long-term Net Zero goals.
Case study
Community Investment Enterprise Fund
Providing debt finance to Community Development Finance Institutions (CDFIs).
Impact venture
Impact venture currently accounts for 7% of the overall 2024 market.
How has the market changed?
Outstanding investment in impact venture has decreased by 1% since to £815m (£824m in 2023).
What does the data show?
Deal flow is estimated at £121 million, broadly in line with 2023 levels. According to Dealroom’s State of Impact 2025 report, global impact venture funding is expected to reach $33 billion in 2025, a 24% decline from 2024, marking the sharpest slowdown since 2019. This decline reflects a broader pullback in climate-focussed investment, which had expanded significantly between 2020 and 2022. Despite this cooling, the long-term trajectory of impact investing remains positive, with the total value of impact-oriented companies growing 28-fold over the past decade to $3.6 trillion, signalling a market that is recalibrating rather than contracting.
Within the UK, investment continues to focus on health and financial inclusion, consistent with previous years. These areas attract significant capital from mission-driven investors seeking to address social challenges such as improving wellbeing, access to services, and economic resilience for underserved communities. Interest in impact investing continues to build, reflected in ImpactVC’s expanding global network, which has grown to over 750 member firms since its launch in 2023.
We view our figure as a conservative estimate of overall market activity, given the limited visibility into venture investments that intentionally pursue social impact and the fast-evolving nature of the market.
Investments from our portfolio
- Ascension Fund III | Better Society Capital invests in tech businesses that tackle the cost-of-living crisis through increased income opportunities, access to healthcare and affordability of essential goods.
- EKA invests in businesses delivering affordable and preventative health interventions and socially and environmentally sustainable supply chains.
- Meridian Health Ventures I invests in digital health, enterprise healthcare, and MedTech companies providing solutions where there is a compelling case that the company can scale within the NHS.
Case study
Ascension Fund III
Ascension III is a pre-seed/seed stage venture fund aiming to reduce social inequality by investing in tech businesses that tackle the Cost of Living Crisis through 3 key themes: increase income opportunities; decrease costs of essential goods and improve access to healthcare.
Social outcomes contracts
Currently accounts for less than 1% of the overall 2024 market.
How has the market changed?
Outstanding investment in SOCs has reduced to £13.5m in 2024 (£17m in 2023)
What does the data show?
While the slight reduction since the 2023 market sizing reflects the natural conclusion of several contracts, there has been considerable progress and renewed momentum across the market that is set to drive future growth.
The UK Government’s recent announcement of the Better Futures Fund, a £500 million commitment to outcomes-based commissioning over the next decade, marks a major step forward. Although still in the design phase, the Fund is expected to expand the scale and reach of the SOCs market in the coming years.
The establishment of the Office for the Impact Economy will also serve as an important catalyst for collaboration and investment. By acting as a central hub for impact investors, philanthropists, and purpose-driven organisations, the Office will help channel growing interest and capital into projects that deliver measurable social impact across the UK.
Investments from our portfolio
- Bridges Social Outcomes Funds | Better Society Capital is dedicated to supporting social enterprises and charities with capital they need to deliver Government-commissioned outcomes contracts.
Case study
Bridges Social Outcomes Funds
Funds dedicated to supporting Government-commissioned outcomes contracts.